江汉平原东北缘末次冰消期沉积物粒度特征及环境意义     

张玉芬  李长安  赵举兴  毛欣  许应石  魏传义  李亚伟  张岱 《沉积学报》2021,39(4):983-994

麻城剖面位于江汉平原东北缘山地丘陵与平原过渡带半封闭的宽浅碟形洼地,是江汉平原北缘末次冰消期代表性沉积剖面。沉积环境主要由山麓坡洪积相和沼泽相组成,形成年代为距今18.00~8.60 ka。麻城剖面粒度组成主要以粉砂为主,达60.73%,其中,粗粉砂达40.83%。剖面粒度变化可划分为7个变化阶段。结合剖面的岩性与沉积环境特征等综合分析,发现末次冰消期气候环境经历了四个气候期:第一气候期17.90~17.02 ka B.P.,为冰盛期之后气候开始回暖升温期。此时降水相对较多,地表径流强度中等偏强。第二个时期17.02~12.02 ka B.P.,为快速升温期。总体暖湿多雨,是末次冰消期最显著暖湿期,在江汉平原北缘坡麓地带的洼地广泛发育了沼泽。粒度变化进一步表明气候存在波动,早、晚期降雨强度大,时有强降水发生,地表径流稳定性差;中期（14.47~12.64 ka B.P.）降水明显减少,但雨量相对均匀,地表径流变幅小,此与长江中下游地区石笋记录的冰消期气候特征是一致的。第三气候期12.02~10.80 ka B.P.,该期是新仙女木事件之后的快速升温期,平均粒径和分选系数为剖面最大。表明当时降雨量大,气候稳定性较差,强降雨时有发生。第四气候期10.80~8.60 ka B.P.,气候总体为偏温湿环境。地表径流较第三气候期明显降低,早期降水偏多,后期温湿程度降低,地表径流变小。剖面中有两个明显的气候事件记录,一是新仙女木事件,表现为第④层与第⑤层之间的短暂沉积间断和沼泽环境的结束;二是9.8~9.2 ka B.P.干旱期,为厚约15 cm的黄土状土的沉积。研究表明,长江和汉江洪泛影响不到的江汉平原边缘洼地沉积可能是记录本地区气候特征的良好载体。  相似文献   

四川盆地喜马拉雅期张扭性断裂构造特征及形成机制          下载免费PDF全文

苏楠  杨威  苑保国  戴鑫  王小丹  武赛军  马石玉  谢武仁  张光武  裴仰文 《地球科学》2021,46(7):2362-2378

前人对四川盆地盆缘冲断带及川中高-磨地区断裂系统进行了系统性研究,但对于盆地其他区块断裂发育特征、形成演化及应力背景的认识尚不充分.发现了梓潼-成都-威远-华蓥山-广安地区震旦系-下三叠统地层中发育的一套区域性张扭性断裂,主要自震旦系及以下地层向上延伸切穿二叠系地层,多为高陡、小断距正断层,部分形成负花状构造.根据该断裂系统的剖面产状、纵向穿层特征及盆地范围内体现出的分异性,推断该断裂系统形成于喜马拉雅期.物理模拟实验研究发现该断裂体系应发育于扭张性应力环境中,该断裂体系的发育指示了四川盆地内部新生代存在南西-北东向张应力,可能与四川盆地新生代发生的逆时针旋转有关.   相似文献   

寒武纪生物大爆发之后的底栖生态系统工程建造者:以河南地区为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘炳辰  齐永安  代明月  白万备  樊钰超  庆国帅 《地球科学》2021,46(1):148-161

扰动生物作为生态系统工程建造者,通过对沉积底质的改造直接影响沉积物和水体之间的相互作用（营养物质的循环、迁移和存储）,对底栖生态系统工程有重要的影响.遗迹化石作为底栖生物活动的载体,为研究寒武纪大爆发之后底栖生态系统工程建造者的演化规律,并评价底栖生态系统工程建造者对生态系统工程产生的影响提供了依据.对河南地区8个寒武系剖面的遗迹化石数据进行统计,应用现代生物学中生态系统工程影响值的概念,从功能群、阶层、生物灌溉3个方面对底栖生态系统工程建造者进行研究.研究结果表明,寒武系第三阶至鼓山阶底栖生态系统工程建造者功能群类型由生物扩散型扰动者往向上/下运输者转变,阶层逐渐加深,生物灌溉越来越普及,生态系统工程影响值不断增大.鼓山阶至第十阶,遗迹化石类型及结构变化不大,生态系统工程影响值趋于稳定.这表明从寒武纪生物大爆发至鼓山阶,底栖生态系统工程建造者的行为策略发生着明显的进化与创新,生态系统工程建造者不仅开拓了重要的生态空间,而且为其他底栖生物和微生物创造了新的生境,在寒武纪海洋生态系统中扮演着重要的角色.   相似文献   

无人机遥感技术在甘肃北山地区地质填图中的应用     

戴均豪  薛林福  李忠潭  桑学佳  马建雄 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(6):1908-1920

甘肃北山地区岩浆岩及变质岩出露广泛,植被稀少,地势平缓,是无人机遥感开展地质填图试验的理想目标区。为解决传统地质填图方法受地形、环境限制和投入高及工作周期长等问题,选取北山长流水地区20 km²化探重点工作区为目标区,利用大疆精灵4专业版无人机采集图像,并采用Photoscan软件合成高分辨率正射影像以及三维模型,建立解译标志,对目标区域进行地质解译,获得比前人1：1万地质图更加精细的地质图。该方法较传统填图方法能够解译出地质体形态、岩脉产状、微小断裂等更详细的地质内容,并能提供划分岩脉期次的证据。  相似文献   

单多普勒雷达反演涡旋风场方法分析     

常亚楠  戴建华  黄兴友  郑石 《气象科技》2019,47(5):719-730

由于单雷达在探测台风临近、登陆时仍具有双部或多部雷达难以具备的优势,目前利用单多普勒雷达反演涡旋风场的方法并不多见,本文对能够反演涡旋风场的3种方法NIVAP(自然坐标系的积分VAP方法)、EVAPTC(反演热带气旋的EVAP方法)、GBVTD(地基速度追踪法)进行了比较,分别从每种方法的假设条件和数学方法以及结果精度来比较3种方法对涡旋风场的适用性。利用中尺度气旋Rankine模式模拟了纯涡旋性气旋、只有环境风场时、环境风场和辐合(辐散)同时存在时的径向速度场及风场,比较了各种情况下的反演风场和模拟风场的相似系数。在对模拟风场比较之后,选取了2014年"威马逊"台风登陆前1h、登陆时及登陆后1h的3个实测雷达资料,对比分析了3种方法反演实测资料的风场特征,3种方法中EVAPTC方法最好,GBVTD方法在应用中有一定的限制,NIVAP方法较差。  相似文献   

Horizontal dynamic stiffness of pile groups: Approximate expressions     

Wentao Dai  Jose M. Roesset 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010,30(9):844-850

A number of solutions and computer programs are already available to determine the dynamic stiffness of complete pile foundations, assuming linear elastic soil behavior and perfect bonding between the piles and the surrounding soil. These are assumptions that would be generally valid for properly designed machine foundations where very small strains should be expected. A number of approximate formulations have also been developed. Among these the most commonly used one is that proposed by Poulos (1971) [12] for the static case, computing interaction coefficients between the heads of two piles considered by themselves, then forming a matrix of these coefficients to obtain the interaction between the heads of all the piles in the group. Additional approximations have been suggested, particularly for the computation of the interaction coefficients, using closed form expressions. In this paper, approximate expressions that can be used for preliminary estimates, at the very early stages of the design, without the need of computers, are presented. They are intended for pile groups with pile spacing of the order of 3 diameters, typical relations between the modulus of elasticity of the piles and that of the soil between 100 and 1000, and very small amplitude vibrations.  相似文献   

Micromechanical viscoelasto‐plastic models and finite element implementation for rate‐independent and rate‐dependent permanent deformation of stone‐based materials     

Qingli Dai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(13):1321-1345

This paper presents parallel and serial viscoelasto‐plastic models to simulate the rate‐independent and the rate‐dependent permanent deformation of stone‐based materials, respectively. The generalized Maxwell viscoelastic and Chaboche's plastic models were employed to formulate the proposed parallel and serial viscoelasto‐plastic constitutive laws. The finite element (FE) implementation of the parallel model used a displacement‐based incremental formulation for the viscoelastic part and an elastic predictor—plastic corrector scheme for the elastoplastic component. The FE framework of the serial viscoelasto‐plastic model employed a viscoelastic predictor—plastic corrector algorithm. The stone‐based materials are consisted of irregular aggregates, matrix and air voids. This study used asphalt mixtures as an example. A digital sample was generated with imaging analysis from an optically scanned surface image of an asphalt mixture specimen. The modeling scheme employed continuum elements to mesh the effective matrix, and rigid bodies for aggregates. The ABAQUS user material subroutines defined with the proposed viscoelasto‐plastic matrix models were employed. The micromechanical FE simulations were conducted on the digital mixture sample with the viscoelasto‐plastic matrix models. The simulation results showed that the serial viscoelasto‐plastic matrix model generated more permanent deformation than the parallel one by using the identical material parameters and displacement loadings. The effect of loading rates on the material viscoelastic and viscoelasto‐plastic mixture behaviors was investigated. Permanent deformations under cyclic loadings were determined with FE simulations. The comparison studies showed that the simulation results correctly predicted the rate‐independent and rate‐dependent viscoelasto‐plastic constitutive properties of the proposed matrix models. Overall, these studies indicated that the developed micromechanical FE models have the abilities to predict the global viscoelasto‐plastic behaviors of the stone‐based materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鲁北新生代隐伏火山岩及其石油地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜韫华  代贤忠 《岩石学报》1990,6(3):43-52,T001

鲁北新生代隐伏火山岩可划分为3个喷发期6个亚期,9种火山岩岩石类型和同期侵入的辉绿岩。它们形成在近大陆边缘的板内裂谷型盆地,对于富有机质生油岩的沉积、各种储集体的形成、多种含油圈闭类型的形成以及有机质成熟向烃类转化都是非常有利的。作为储集岩主要有玄武安山岩、辉绿岩和湖底玄武质凝灰岩。储油空间主要为次生孔隙和裂缝。火山岩及其有关岩石在本区不仅形成了特殊的油气藏,而且还可作为盖层、封堵层、披复构造的基岩,因此对石油地质勘探有重要意义。  相似文献   

岩溶在古地理研究中的作用——“关于古地理研究中若干原则问题的商榷”一文的补充及讨论     

赵元龙  李景阳  戎昆方  龚显英  代新春 《贵州地质》1989,(1)

本文从现代、地史时期岩溶剥蚀速度及岩溶铝土矿的形成等方面探讨岩溶在古地理研究中的重大作用,从而提出稳定地区“缺失”某一时期地层,并非该时期为陆;而是前期仍有沉积,后期才真正上升为陆,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

ON SOME KEY SEDIMENTATION PROBLEMS OF THREE GORGES PROJECT (TGP)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lin Bingnan Dou Guoren Xie Jianheng Dai Dingzhong Chen Jisheng Tang Richang  Zhang Ren 《国际泥沙研究》1989,(1)

I. INTRODUCTIONThe Three Gorges Project (TGP) being planned is to be located on the Yangtze River at Sandouplug, 44 km upstream of Yichang (Fig. l). A scheme studied in the feasibility stage has the crest ofthe dam placed at 185 m with a maximums height o…  相似文献